电磁懸掛
電磁懸吊是最舒適的駕駛體驗 從 2002 年開始,通用汽車在凱迪拉克 Safeway STS 上首次推出了所謂的磁浮(磁流變懸浮系統),這種懸浮系統正在緩慢但穩定地普及。雖然包括別克和雪佛蘭在內的許多汽車都採用了這種懸浮系統,但德國製造商奧迪因在 TT 和 R8 上使用它而聲名狼藉。

它與其他懸吊系統的不同之處在於它沒有機電閥,也沒有小型移動部件。 此懸吊基於磁流變 (MR) 流體,這是一種對磁場做出反應的智慧流體。
MR其實是一種載液,通常是油,裡面充滿了微米大小的磁性顆粒。 當受到磁場作用時,內部的磁性顆粒會增加流體的黏度,使其具有黏彈性。 通常,MR 懸吊系統由四個磁流變支柱或阻尼器、一組感測器和一個電子控制單元 (ECU) 組成。

磁流變液(MR液)
MR 流體通常是懸浮在礦物油、合成油、水或乙二醇中的 20-40% 鐵顆粒。 該液體還含有一種防止鐵顆粒沉降的物質。
當包含磁振造影流體的阻尼器系統線圈不通電時(即所謂的"關閉"位置),磁共振流體不會被磁化,內部隨機分佈的顆粒會讓流體自由移動,就像普通的阻尼器流體一樣 。
然而,當系統 "開啟",並施加產生磁場的電荷時,顆粒就會通電並排列成纖維結構,通常與磁通方向垂直。 這限制了流體的運動,與磁場的功率和強度成正比。
ECU模組
透過 ECU 並根據駕駛員選擇的駕駛方式,該系統每毫秒調整一次 MR 系統。 感測器監控路面和車輛狀況,而控制器則每秒對阻尼特性進行多達一千次的調整。
例如,對於Audi TT,駕駛可以透過翻轉開關在「正常」和「運動」程序之間進行選擇,系統會做出相應反應,提供不同的避震器響應。

磁流變懸吊的優點
使用 MR 懸吊系統可提供更好的穩定性和平坦度,從而實現更好的駕駛體驗。 MR 系統有助於軟化和隔離每個車輪的動作。 該系統可以整合到車輛的穩定性控制中,以提高在碎石路和濕滑路面上的穩定性。 透過ECU軟體,MR系統允許大範圍的阻尼力控制和高頻寬以實現快速響應。
由於磁極化不受溫度影響,基於 MR 的裝置的性能在較寬的溫度範圍(-40 攝氏度 - 105 攝氏度)內對溫度相對不敏感。
MR 懸吊系統的最大缺點是成本。 儘管磁流變懸吊系統明顯優於其他懸吊系統,但由於缺乏活動部件且對路況的響應更好,使用磁流變懸吊系統仍然是一個有限的功能。 到目前為止,只有大約 50 萬台 MR 系統在使用。

Vehicles using Magneride
毫無疑問,一旦成本問題解決,MR將會變得更加普遍。 到目前為止,使用該系統的車輛包括 Acura MDX、Audi TT、Audi R8、Cadillac DTS、SRX、STS、Chevrolet Corvette、Ferrari 599 GTB、Tesla Model 3、Tesla Model Y 和 Holden HSV Commodore。
未來,汽車製造商計劃擴大磁流變液的應用範圍,用於開發基於流體的離合器系統,用於按鈕式四輪驅動車輛。 與使用電力產生磁場的懸吊系統不同,離合器將使用電磁體來固化流體。

特斯拉 MRC 懸架
特斯拉尚未開發出相關懸架,但市場上已經有公司開發併申請了專利,而且我們是唯一的海外經銷商,了解更多信息請點擊 here
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